Lot description:
Paphlagonia, Amastris
Stater circa 300-285, AV 18 mm, 8.46 g. Head of Athena r., wearing Corinthian helmet decorated with a snake. Rev. ΒΑ-ΣΙΛΙΣΣΗΣ ΑΜΑΣΤΡΙΟΣ Nike standing l., holding wreath and stylis; at her feet, dove. Wartenberg, A Persian Queen on the Black Sea: The coinages of Amastris and Herakleia, in Presbeus. Studies in Ancient Coinage Presented to Richard Ashton, ed. by Andrew Meadows and Ute Wartenberg, New York: The American Numismatic Society, 2022, p. 66 (this coin). de Callataÿ, Le premier monnayage de la cité d'Amastris (Paphlagonie), SNR 83, 2004, –. HGC 7, –.
Apparently unique and an issue of tremendous historical importance and fascination.
A portrait of excellent Hellenistic style struck in high relief, minor marks
in field and on edge, otherwise extremely fine
Privately purchased on the 20th July 2019.
Graded AU Strike: 5/5 Surface: 3/5 Fine Style, NGC certification number 4163340-003
This apparently unique gold stater features the Athena and Nike types popularised on the imperial coinage of Alexander the Great and became internationally recognised symbols of value for gold coinage in the Hellenistic period. However, here the Greek legend on the reverse does not name the dead Macedonian conqueror as was usual for most posthumous gold issues with Alexander's types. Instead, it names the living issuer, Queen Amastris, a niece of the overthrown Persian Great King Darius III, who managed to navigate the dangers posed by the Alexandrine world and the age of the Successors to become a powerful independent ruler in Paphlagonia.
At the mass wedding of Susa, orchestrated by Alexander in 324 BC in an attempt to unite the Macedonian and old Persian elite into a single ruling class, Amastris had been married to the prominent general Craterus. However, after the death of Alexander in 323 BC, like many other husbands of the mass wedding, Craterus repudiated his Persian bride. Amastris subsequently married Dionysius, the Greek tyrant of Heraclea Pontica, who claimed the royal title in 305 BC, in emulation of the rival Macedonian generals who sought to carve out their own kingdoms from Alexander's empire. Amastris is believed to have assumed the royal title at the same time as her husband and retained it after his death.
Around 302 BC, Amastris married Lysimachus, a former general of Alexander's who reigned as king in Thrace and sought to expand his power in Asia Minor at the expense of the powerful Antigonus Monophthalmos. However, once Antigonos was defeated and killed by a coalition of Macedonian kings at the Battle of Ipsus in 301 BC, thereby leaving Asia Minor under Lysimachus' control, Amastris' political value decreased, and the King of Thrace set her aside to pursue new marriage alliances. Nevertheless, Amastris remained an important figure in Paphlagonia, where she continued to exert her influence. She established her sons, Clearchus II and Oxyathres, as tyrants of Heraclea Pontica and founded a new city bearing her own name. The city of Amastris was formed through the sympolity of the neighbouring smaller cities of Cromna, Cytora, Sesamus, and Tium, with the fortifications of Sesamus serving as the acropolis.
Unfortunately, her ambitious sons did not appreciate ruling in the shadow of their popular and influential mother, and in c. 284 BC, they arranged for her death by drowning. Outraged at this act of matricide, Amastris' ex-husband, Lysimachus, marched on Heraclea and executed Clearchus II and Oxyathres, thereby extinguishing the Clearchid dynasty of tyrants which had ruled the city since ca. 364 BC.
Despite her tragic end, like this stater, Queen Amastris was unique as the first woman to serve as a popular independent ruler in Asia Minor.
Estimate: 200000 CHF |  |