Lot description:
Islands off Thrace, Samothrace
Didrachm circa 280, AR 22 mm, 7.41 g. Head of Athena r., wearing Corinthian helmet decorated with coiled snake. Rev. ΣAMO – MHTPONA Cybele seated l., holding phiale and sceptre; under the throne, lion seated l. BMC 1. SNG Lockett 1212 (these dies). Weber 2491 (this coin). Jameson 2019 (this coin). SNG Copenhagen 992 var. (Athena l.). Zhuyuetang 41 (this coin).
Very rare and in exceptional condition for the issue, undoubtedly among the finest specimens known. Light iridescent tone, minor marks and a metal flaw on obverse, otherwise extremely fine
Ex Schulman 231, 1958, 3654 and Jean Vinchon 26 April 1999, 122 sales. From the Imhoof-Blumer, Weber and Jameson collections.
Samothrace, an island located off the Aegean coast of Thrace, was said to have gained its name from early settlement by Thracians and Greek exiles from the island of Samos around 700 BC. Together, the Samian and Thracian inhabitants of the island worshipped a variety of chthonic deities described in the Greek sources as the Cabeiri or the Great Gods as part of a mystery religion. The foundation of the cult of the Great Gods was sometimes attributed to a local pair of heroes named Dardanus and Iasion, who were equated with the Dioscuri. A central figure of the Samothracian Great Gods was known by the secret name of Axieros and given the title of Great Mother. She was the powerful mistress of the wild mountains, and sacrifice was made to her on coloured porphyry outcroppings. Her power was also believed to be found in veins of magnetic iron on the island, which initiates into her mysteries fashioned into rings as a sign of identification. As the Great Mother, Axieros of Samothrace was frequently conflated with Cybele, the widely known Great Mother of the Phrygians, who was recognized in many Greek pantheons before the fourth century BC. Unlike the famous Eleusinian mysteries, entry into the mysteries of the Great Gods of Samothrace was open to anyone (male, female, adult, child, rich, poor, free, enslaved) who could be present at the sanctuary for the rites of initiation. Due to its relative proximity to coastal Macedonia, the mysteries came to be patronized by the Macedonian kings of the late fifth and fourth centuries BC. Indeed, Philip II is said to have met Olympias, his future wife and the mother of Alexander the Great, while they were being initiated into the Samothracian mysteries. Philip II and Alexander the Great increased the beauty and fame of the sanctuary by commissioning the erection of the Temenos building and the sanctuary's Main Altar, respectively. The sanctuary's Hieron and its Doric monument were commissioned by Alexander's immediate successors, his half-brother Philip III Arrhidaeus, and his infant son, Alexander IV. This close involvement of the last Argead kings of Macedonia in monumental construction at the Samothracian shrine set a precedent for subsequent Hellenistic monarchs, especially the rival Antigonid and Ptolemaic dynasties, who competed in financing new monuments and buildings in the third century BC. This rare didrachm depicts the Great Mother on the reverse, while featuring the head of Athena on the obverse. The latter is derived from contemporary Macedonian staters following types first popularized for the imperial coinage of Alexander the Great. The Samothracian issue was probably struck in the 280s BC, when Lysimachus, Alexander's general-turned-king, had begun construction of the Rotunda at the sanctuary. This building was dedicated to his wife, the Ptolemaic princess Arsinoe II. Its construction may have been financed by coins such as this. Lysimachus, who was killed in battle in 281 BC, probably did not live see the completion of the Rotunda, which subsequently became an important center of Ptolemaic dedications under Ptolemy II Philadelphus, the brother and later husband of the widowed Arsinoe II.
Estimate: 10000 CHF |  |